# Half-MS medium | Chemicals | Stock
Conc. | Addition | Final
Conc. | Location | | :-------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | MS basal salt ( M407 ) ^† | — | 1.22 g | 0.5X | 4°C ( c ) | | Ammonium nitrate ( NH₄NO₃ ) | — | 3.30 g | 10.31 mM | Ⅷ | | Potassium nitrate ( KNO₃ ) | — | 3.80 g | 9.40 mM | toxic (D) | | Potassium phosphate monobasic ( KH₂PO₄ ) | 170 g / L | 2 mL | 0.63 mM | bench | | MES hydrate | — | 2 g | 0.05% (w/v) | Ⅲ | | PPM™ | 100% | 2 mL | 0.05% (v/v) | 4°C ( a ) | | KOH ^※ | 5 M | ~ 730 µL | — | Ⅶ | | ddH₂O | — | ~ 4 L | — | — | | **Total volume** | | **4 L** | | | ^† Murashige & Skoog Modified Basal Salt Mixture ([Product ID: M407](https://phytotechlab.com/murashige-skoog-modified-basal-salt-mixture-m407.html)): https://phytotechlab.com/murashige-skoog-modified-basal-salt-mixture-m407.html Gelling agent ⟶ Gelzan™ ( G3251, CAS no.: 71010-52-1 ) : 1.5 g / L ( 0.15% ). Located between Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Generally, we make 400 mL per bottle, so weigh ( 600 ± 2 ) mg / 400 mL for each bottle. The final pH should be around 5.7 ~ 5.8. Autoclave under 121°C for 20 mins. ^※ KOH is used for pH adjustment. To prepare 5 M KOH solution, dissolve 330 g of 85% KOH in 900 mL ddH₂O, and then bring to 1 L. Since KOH releases heat during dissolution, gradually and slowly add the KOH granules into the water.

# Yoshida Medium Yoshida's stock solution for root architecture media rice. ### 800X Yoshida macro-stock solution | 800x macro stock | Grams / L | Location | | :------- | :-------: | :-----: | | NH₄NO₃ | 91.4 | VIII | | CaCl₂ | 88.6 | IV | | NaH₂PO₄ • 2H₂O ^※ | 40.3 | VIII | | K₂SO₄ ^§ | 71.4 | VIII | | MgSO₄ • 7H₂O ^§ | 324 | VIII | |||| ^※ If use **NaH₂PO₄ • H₂O**, then add **17.8** g / L; ^§ K₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ • 7H₂O will be easily contaminated, stored at 4°C; ### 800X Yoshida micro-stock solution | 800x micro stock | Grams / L | Location | | :------- | :-------: | :------: | | MnCl₂ • 4H₂O | 1.5 | VIII | | (NH₄)₆ • MO₇O₂₄ • 4H₂O | 0.074 | VIII | | H₃BO₃ | 0.934 | VIII | | ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O | 0.035 | VIII | | CuSO₄ • 5H₂O | 0.031 | VIII | | FeCl₃ • 6H₂O | 7.7 | VIII | | Citric acid (monohydrate) | 11.9 | VIII | ||||

## 1X Yoshida medium ( pH 5.8 ) | | 1L | 2L | 4L | Location | | :--------- | :---: | :---: | :---: | :--: | | 800X Macro stock (mL) | NH₄NO₃ | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | NaH₂PO₄ • H₂O | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | K₂SO₄ | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | CaCl₂ | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | MgSO₄ • 7H₂O | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | 800X Micro stock (mL) | 1.25 | 2.5 | 5 | | | MES hydrate (g) | 0.546 | 1.092 | 2.184 | III | ||||||

# Hoagland medium Modified from: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20135 ( Wang et al., 2024 ). - The working solution is generally 0.5X. - To conduct P-deficiency experiment, reduce the K₂HPO₄ molarity to 4 µM. ### 500X Hoagland macro-stock solution | Chemical | M.W.
( g / mol ) | Molarity
( mM ) | 1X solution
( mg / L ) | 500X stock
( g / L ) | Storage | | :----------: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | NH₄NO₃ | 80.04 | 5.6 | 448.22 | 224.11 | Ⅷ | | K₂HPO₄ | 174.18 | 0.4 | 69.67 | 45.64 | Ⅲ | | K₂SO₄ | 174.26 | 0.8 | 139.41 | 69.70 | Ⅷ | | MgSO₄•7H₂O | 246.47 | 0.8 | 197.18 | 98.59 | Ⅷ | | CaCl₂ | 110.98 | 1.6 | 177.57 | 88.78 | Ⅳ | | KNO₃ | 101.10 | 0.8 | 80.88 | 40.44 | Toxin ( D ) | | Ferrous mixture | See below||||| ||||||| ### 500X Ferrous Mixture

The Na₂EDTA•2H₂O is slowly soluble in water at room temperature up to 0.26 M, which is approximately 96 mg in a final volume of 1 ml. The pH of this solution will be in the range of 4 to 6. EDTA salts are more soluble in water as the pH increases: the more EDTA there is in the salt form, the higher the pH of a water solution, and therefore, the higher the room temperature solubility. This can be achieved by a gradual addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to the EDTA solution. A stock solution of 0.5 M at pH 8.5 is stable for months at 4°C. Solutions of EDTA may be autoclaved.
The FeSO₄•7H₂O is sensitive to heat and light. It should be bluish green color. When it turn yellowish brown, that means it was already oxidized, do not use it.

| Chemical | M.W.
( g / mol ) | Molarity
( mM ) | 1X solution
( mg / L ) | 500X stock
( g / L ) | Storage | | :----------: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | | Na₂EDTA•2H₂O | 372.24 | 0.18 | 67.0 | 33.50 | Ⅲ | | FeSO₄•7H₂O | 278.01 | 0.18 | 50.04 | 25.02 | Ⅸ | ||||||

### 500X Hoagland micro-stock solution | Chemical | M.W.
( g / mol ) | Molarity
( mM ) | 1X solution
( mg / L ) | 500X stock
( g / L ) | Storage | | :------: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :-: | | H₃BO₃ | 61.83 | 0.0230 | 1.4221 | 0.7110 | Ⅷ | | MnCl₂•4H₂O | 197.91 | 0.0045 | 0.8906 | 0.4453 | Ⅷ | | CuSO₄•5H₂O | 249.69 | 0.0003 | 0.0749 | 0.0375 | Ⅷ | | ZnCl₂ | 136.30 | 0.0015 | 0.2045 | 0.1022 | N/A | | Na₂MoO₄•2H₂O | 241.95 | 0.0001 | 0.0242 | 0.0121 | Ⅸ | |||||| The ZnCl₂ may be substituted with ZnSO₄•7H₂O. | | M.W.
( g / mol ) | Molarity
( mM ) | 1X solution
( mg / L ) | 500X stock
( g / L ) | Storage | | :------: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :---: | :-: | | ZnSO₄•7H₂O | 287.56 | 0.0015 | 0.4313 | 0.2157 | Ⅷ | |||||||