Half-MS medium

Chemicals	Stock Conc.	Addition	Final Conc.	Location
MS basal salt ( M407 ) ^†	—	1.22 g	0.5X	4°C ( c )
Ammonium nitrate ( NH₄NO₃ )	—	3.30 g	10.31 mM	Ⅷ
Potassium nitrate ( KNO₃ )	—	3.80 g	9.40 mM	toxic (D)
Potassium phosphate monobasic ( KH₂PO₄ )	170 g / L	2 mL	0.63 mM	bench
MES hydrate	—	2 g	0.05% (w/v)	Ⅲ
PPM™	100%	2 mL	0.05% (v/v)	4°C ( a )
KOH ^※	5 M	~ 730 µL	—	Ⅶ
ddH₂O	—	~ 4 L	—	—
Total volume		4 L

^† Murashige & Skoog Modified Basal Salt Mixture (Product ID: M407):
https://phytotechlab.com/murashige-skoog-modified-basal-salt-mixture-m407.html

Gelling agent ⟶ Gelzan™ ( G3251, CAS no.: 71010-52-1 ) : 1.5 g / L ( 0.15% ). Located between Ⅰ and Ⅱ.
Generally, we make 400 mL per bottle, so weigh ( 600 ± 2 ) mg / 400 mL for each bottle.

The final pH should be around 5.7 ~ 5.8. Autoclave under 121°C for 20 mins.

^※ KOH is used for pH adjustment. To prepare 5 M KOH solution, dissolve 330 g of 85% KOH in 900 mL ddH₂O, and then bring to 1 L.
Since KOH releases heat during dissolution, gradually and slowly add the KOH granules into the water.

Yoshida Medium

Yoshida's stock solution for root architecture media rice.

800X Yoshida macro-stock solution

800x macro stock	Grams / L	Location
NH₄NO₃	91.4	VIII
CaCl₂	88.6	IV
NaH₂PO₄ • 2H₂O ^※	40.3	VIII
K₂SO₄ ^§	71.4	VIII
MgSO₄ • 7H₂O ^§	324	VIII

^※ If use NaH₂PO₄ • H₂O, then add 17.8 g / L;
^§ K₂SO₄ and MgSO₄ • 7H₂O will be easily contaminated, stored at 4°C;

800X Yoshida micro-stock solution

800x micro stock	Grams / L	Location
MnCl₂ • 4H₂O	1.5	VIII
(NH₄)₆ • MO₇O₂₄ • 4H₂O	0.074	VIII
H₃BO₃	0.934	VIII
ZnSO₄ • 7H₂O	0.035	VIII
CuSO₄ • 5H₂O	0.031	VIII
FeCl₃ • 6H₂O	7.7	VIII
Citric acid (monohydrate)	11.9	VIII

1X Yoshida medium ( pH 5.8 )

	1L	2L	4L	Location
800X Macro stock (mL)
NH₄NO₃	1.25	2.5	5
NaH₂PO₄ • H₂O	1.25	2.5	5
K₂SO₄	1.25	2.5	5
CaCl₂	1.25	2.5	5
MgSO₄ • 7H₂O	1.25	2.5	5
800X Micro stock (mL)	1.25	2.5	5
MES hydrate (g)	0.546	1.092	2.184	III

Hoagland medium

Modified from: https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20135 ( Wang et al., 2024 ).

The working solution is generally 0.5X.
To conduct P-deficiency experiment, reduce the K₂HPO₄ molarity to 4 µM.

500X Hoagland macro-stock solution

Chemical	M.W. ( g / mol )	Molarity ( mM )	1X solution ( mg / L )	500X stock ( g / L )	Storage
NH₄NO₃	80.04	5.6	448.22	224.11	Ⅷ
K₂HPO₄	174.18	0.4	69.67	45.64	Ⅲ
K₂SO₄	174.26	0.8	139.41	69.70	Ⅷ
MgSO₄•7H₂O	246.47	0.8	197.18	98.59	Ⅷ
CaCl₂	110.98	1.6	177.57	88.78	Ⅳ
KNO₃	101.10	0.8	80.88	40.44	Toxin ( D )
Ferrous mixture	See below

500X Ferrous Mixture

The Na₂EDTA•2H₂O is slowly soluble in water at room temperature up to 0.26 M, which is approximately 96 mg in a final volume of 1 ml. The pH of this solution will be in the range of 4 to 6. EDTA salts are more soluble in water as the pH increases: the more EDTA there is in the salt form, the higher the pH of a water solution, and therefore, the higher the room temperature solubility. This can be achieved by a gradual addition of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to the EDTA solution. A stock solution of 0.5 M at pH 8.5 is stable for months at 4°C. Solutions of EDTA may be autoclaved.
The FeSO₄•7H₂O is sensitive to heat and light. It should be bluish green color. When it turn yellowish brown, that means it was already oxidized, do not use it.

Chemical	M.W. ( g / mol )	Molarity ( mM )	1X solution ( mg / L )	500X stock ( g / L )	Storage
Na₂EDTA•2H₂O	372.24	0.18	67.0	33.50	Ⅲ
FeSO₄•7H₂O	278.01	0.18	50.04	25.02	Ⅸ

500X Hoagland micro-stock solution

Chemical	M.W. ( g / mol )	Molarity ( mM )	1X solution ( mg / L )	500X stock ( g / L )	Storage
H₃BO₃	61.83	0.0230	1.4221	0.7110	Ⅷ
MnCl₂•4H₂O	197.91	0.0045	0.8906	0.4453	Ⅷ
CuSO₄•5H₂O	249.69	0.0003	0.0749	0.0375	Ⅷ
ZnCl₂	136.30	0.0015	0.2045	0.1022	N/A
Na₂MoO₄•2H₂O	241.95	0.0001	0.0242	0.0121	Ⅸ

The ZnCl₂ may be substituted with ZnSO₄•7H₂O.

	M.W. ( g / mol )	Molarity ( mM )	1X solution ( mg / L )	500X stock ( g / L )	Storage
ZnSO₄•7H₂O	287.56	0.0015	0.4313	0.2157	Ⅷ